CH07-反射机制
反射基础
Runtime Type Identification(RTTI) 运行时类型识别,作用是在运行时识别一个对象的类型和类信息。主要有两种方式:
- 传统的的 RTTI,它假设我们在编译期就知道了所有的类型。
- 反射机制,它允许我们在运行时发现和使用类的信息。
Class 类
Class 类就像 String 类、Object 类一样,是一个实实在在的类,存在与 java.lang 包中。Class 类的实例表示 java 应用运行时的类(class ans enum)或接口(interface and annotation),可以通过 类名.class
、类型.class
、Class.forName(类名)
等方法获取 Class 类的对象实例。
数组同样也被映射为为 class 对象的一个类,所有具有相同元素类型和维数的数组都共享该 Class 对象。基本类型boolean,byte,char,short,int,long,float,double 和关键字 void 同样表现为 class 对象。
- Class 类也是类的一种,与 class 关键字是不一样的。
- 手动编写的类被编译后会产生一个 Class 对象,其表示的是创建的类的类型信息,而且这个 Class 对象保存在 同名.class 的文件中(字节码文件)
- 每个通过关键字 class 标识的类,在内存中有且只有一个与之对应的 Class 对象来描述其类型信息,无论创建多少个实例对象,其依据的都是用一个Class对象。
- Class 类只有私有构造函数,因此对应 Class 对象只能由 JVM 创建和加载。
- Class 类的对象作用是运行时提供或获得某个对象的类型信息。
类加载
类加载流程:
- 加载
- 连接
- 验证
- 准备
- 解析
- 初始化
- 使用
- 卸载
反射应用
在Java中,Class类与java.lang.reflect类库一起对反射技术进行了全力的支持。在反射包中,我们常用的类主要有Constructor类表示的是Class 对象所表示的类的构造方法,利用它可以在运行时动态创建对象、Field表示Class对象所表示的类的成员变量,通过它可以在运行时动态修改成员变量的属性值(包含private)、Method表示Class对象所表示的类的成员方法,通过它可以动态调用对象的方法(包含private),下面将对这几个重要类进行分别说明。
Class 对象
- 类名.class
- 对象.getClass()
- 完全限定名:Class.forName(全限定类名)
Class 方法
- forName()
- Object.getClass()
- getName():类的全限定名,可用于 Class.forName
- getSimpleName():仅类名
- getCanonicalName():更易理解的完全限定名,数组时表示不同
- isInterface()
- getInterfaces()
- getSupercalss()
- newInstance()
- getFields()
- getDeclaredFields()
- getConstructors()
- …
Constructor
Field
Method
反射流程
public class HelloReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 使用外部配置的实现,进行动态加载类
TempFunctionTest test = (TempFunctionTest)Class.forName("com.tester.HelloReflect").newInstance();
test.sayHello("call directly");
// 2. 根据配置的函数名,进行方法调用(不需要通用的接口抽象)
Object t2 = new TempFunctionTest();
Method method = t2.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("sayHello", String.class);
method.invoke(test, "method invoke");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void sayHello(String word) {
System.out.println("hello," + word);
}
}
反射获取类实例
通过 Class 的静态方法,获取类信息:
@CallerSensitive
public static Class<?> forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// 先通过反射,获取调用进来的类信息,从而获取当前的 classLoader
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
// 调用native方法进行获取class信息
return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
}
最后,JVM 会回调 ClassLoader 执行类加载:
public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
return loadClass(name, false);
}
// sun.misc.Launcher
public Class<?> loadClass(String var1, boolean var2) throws ClassNotFoundException {
int var3 = var1.lastIndexOf(46);
if(var3 != -1) {
SecurityManager var4 = System.getSecurityManager();
if(var4 != null) {
var4.checkPackageAccess(var1.substring(0, var3));
}
}
if(this.ucp.knownToNotExist(var1)) {
Class var5 = this.findLoadedClass(var1);
if(var5 != null) {
if(var2) {
this.resolveClass(var5);
}
return var5;
} else {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(var1);
}
} else {
return super.loadClass(var1, var2);
}
}
// java.lang.ClassLoader
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException
{
// 先获取锁
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
// 如果已经加载了的话,就不用再加载了
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
// 双亲委托加载
if (parent != null) {
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
// 父类没有加载到时,再自己加载
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) {
Object lock = this;
if (parallelLockMap != null) {
// 使用 ConcurrentHashMap来保存锁
Object newLock = new Object();
lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);
if (lock == null) {
lock = newLock;
}
}
return lock;
}
protected final Class<?> findLoadedClass(String name) {
if (!checkName(name))
return null;
return findLoadedClass0(name);
}
以下是 newInstance 的实现:
// 首先肯定是 Class.newInstance
@CallerSensitive
public T newInstance()
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
{
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
}
// NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
// the current Java memory model.
// Constructor lookup
// newInstance() 其实相当于调用类的无参构造函数,所以,首先要找到其无参构造器
if (cachedConstructor == null) {
if (this == Class.class) {
// 不允许调用 Class 的 newInstance() 方法
throw new IllegalAccessException(
"Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
);
}
try {
// 获取无参构造器
Class<?>[] empty = {};
final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);
// Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
// since we have to do the security check here anyway
// (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
// security check to work)
java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
c.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
cachedConstructor = c;
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw (InstantiationException)
new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
}
}
Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
// Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
}
}
// Run constructor
try {
// 调用无参构造器
return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
// Not reached
return null;
}
}
newInstance 的主要逻辑:
- 权限检测,如果不通过则直接报错
- 查找无参构造器,并将其缓存
- 调用具体方法的无参构造方法,生成实例并返回
以下是获取构造器过程:
private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
{
// 获取所有构造器
Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
constructor.getParameterTypes())) {
return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor);
}
}
throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
}
获取构造器分为三步:
- 先获取所有的 constructors, 然后执行参数类型比较;
- 如果存在匹配,通过 ReflectionFactory copy 一份 constructor 返回;
- 否则抛出 NoSuchMethodException;
下面是获取所有构造器的过程:
// 获取当前类所有的构造方法,通过jvm或者缓存
// Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
// objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
// instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
checkInitted();
Constructor<T>[] res;
// 调用 reflectionData(), 获取保存的信息,使用软引用保存,从而使内存不够可以回收
ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
if (rd != null) {
res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
// 存在缓存,则直接返回
if (res != null) return res;
}
// No cached value available; request value from VM
if (isInterface()) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
res = temporaryRes;
} else {
// 使用native方法从jvm获取构造器
res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
}
if (rd != null) {
// 最后,将从jvm中读取的内容,存入缓存
if (publicOnly) {
rd.publicConstructors = res;
} else {
rd.declaredConstructors = res;
}
}
return res;
}
// Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
ReflectionData<T> rd;
if (useCaches &&
reflectionData != null &&
(rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
return rd;
}
// else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
// -> create and replace new instance
return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
}
// 新创建缓存,保存反射信息
private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
int classRedefinedCount) {
if (!useCaches) return null;
// 使用cas保证更新的线程安全性,所以反射是保证线程安全的
while (true) {
ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
// try to CAS it...
if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
return rd;
}
// 先使用CAS更新,如果更新成功,则立即返回,否则测查当前已被其他线程更新的情况,如果和自己想要更新的状态一致,则也算是成功了
oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
if (oldReflectionData != null &&
(rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
return rd;
}
}
}
- 首先阐释缓存中获取
- 如果没有缓存,则从 JVM 中重新加载,并存入缓存,缓存使用软引用保存,保证内存可用。
另外,使用 relactionData() 进行缓存保存;ReflectionData 的数据结构如下:
// reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
private static class ReflectionData<T> {
volatile Field[] declaredFields;
volatile Field[] publicFields;
volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
volatile Method[] publicMethods;
volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
// Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
// Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
final int redefinedCount;
ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
}
}
比较构造是否是要查找构造器,其实就是比较类型完全相等性,有一个不相等则返回 false。
最终通过以下逻辑获得构造器:
private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
if (a1 == null) {
return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
}
if (a2 == null) {
return a1.length == 0;
}
if (a1.length != a2.length) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory
/** Makes a copy of the passed constructor. The returned
constructor is a "child" of the passed one; see the comments
in Constructor.java for details. */
public <T> Constructor<T> copyConstructor(Constructor<T> arg) {
return langReflectAccess().copyConstructor(arg);
}
// java.lang.reflect.Constructor, copy 其实就是新new一个 Constructor 出来
Constructor<T> copy() {
// This routine enables sharing of ConstructorAccessor objects
// among Constructor objects which refer to the same underlying
// method in the VM. (All of this contortion is only necessary
// because of the "accessibility" bit in AccessibleObject,
// which implicitly requires that new java.lang.reflect
// objects be fabricated for each reflective call on Class
// objects.)
if (this.root != null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not copy a non-root Constructor");
Constructor<T> res = new Constructor<>(clazz,
parameterTypes,
exceptionTypes, modifiers, slot,
signature,
annotations,
parameterAnnotations);
// root 指向当前 constructor
res.root = this;
// Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present
res.constructorAccessor = constructorAccessor;
return res;
}
然后只需调用对应构造器的 newInstance 方法即可返回实例:
// return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
// java.lang.reflect.Constructor
@CallerSensitive
public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
{
if (!override) {
if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers);
}
}
if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");
ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatile
if (ca == null) {
ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);
return inst;
}
// sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl
public Object newInstance(Object[] args)
throws InstantiationException,
IllegalArgumentException,
InvocationTargetException
{
return delegate.newInstance(args);
}
// sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl
public Object newInstance(Object[] args)
throws InstantiationException,
IllegalArgumentException,
InvocationTargetException
{
// We can't inflate a constructor belonging to a vm-anonymous class
// because that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't
// be found from the generated bytecode.
if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold()
&& !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(c.getDeclaringClass())) {
ConstructorAccessorImpl acc = (ConstructorAccessorImpl)
new MethodAccessorGenerator().
generateConstructor(c.getDeclaringClass(),
c.getParameterTypes(),
c.getExceptionTypes(),
c.getModifiers());
parent.setDelegate(acc);
}
// 调用native方法,进行调用 constructor
return newInstance0(c, args);
}
返回实例之后,可以根据实际需要执行类型转化,以调用具体类型的方法。
反射获取方法
首先获取 Method:
// java.lang.Class
@CallerSensitive
public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
if (method == null) {
throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
}
return method;
}
- 获取所有方法列表
- 更具方法名和方法列表,找到符合要求的方法
- 如果没有则抛出异常,有则返回方法
首先获取类的所有方法:
// Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
// be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
// via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
checkInitted();
Method[] res;
ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
if (rd != null) {
res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
if (res != null) return res;
}
// No cached value available; request value from VM
res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
if (rd != null) {
if (publicOnly) {
rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
} else {
rd.declaredMethods = res;
}
}
return res;
}
与构造器类似,首先读取缓存,没有缓存则从 JVM 中获取。
不同的是,方法列表执行过滤 Reflection.filterMethods。
// sun.misc.Reflection
public static Method[] filterMethods(Class<?> containingClass, Method[] methods) {
if (methodFilterMap == null) {
// Bootstrapping
return methods;
}
return (Method[])filter(methods, methodFilterMap.get(containingClass));
}
// 可以过滤指定的方法,一般为空,如果要指定过滤,可以调用 registerMethodsToFilter(), 或者...
private static Member[] filter(Member[] members, String[] filteredNames) {
if ((filteredNames == null) || (members.length == 0)) {
return members;
}
int numNewMembers = 0;
for (Member member : members) {
boolean shouldSkip = false;
for (String filteredName : filteredNames) {
if (member.getName() == filteredName) {
shouldSkip = true;
break;
}
}
if (!shouldSkip) {
++numNewMembers;
}
}
Member[] newMembers =
(Member[])Array.newInstance(members[0].getClass(), numNewMembers);
int destIdx = 0;
for (Member member : members) {
boolean shouldSkip = false;
for (String filteredName : filteredNames) {
if (member.getName() == filteredName) {
shouldSkip = true;
break;
}
}
if (!shouldSkip) {
newMembers[destIdx++] = member;
}
}
return newMembers;
}
然后根据方法名和参数类型过滤指定方法返回:
private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
String name,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
{
Method res = null;
// 使用常量池,避免重复创建String
String internedName = name.intern();
for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
Method m = methods[i];
if (m.getName() == internedName
&& arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
&& (res == null
|| res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
res = m;
}
return (res == null ? res : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res));
}
在执行匹配的过程将会尝试最精确的匹配,最后会通过 ReflectionFactory.copy 返回方法。
调用 method.invoke
@CallerSensitive
public Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args)
throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException,
InvocationTargetException
{
if (!override) {
if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
checkAccess(caller, clazz, obj, modifiers);
}
}
MethodAccessor ma = methodAccessor; // read volatile
if (ma == null) {
ma = acquireMethodAccessor();
}
return ma.invoke(obj, args);
}
通过 MethodAccessor 执行调用,而 MethodAccessor 为接口,在第一次使用时或调用 acquireMethodAccessor 新建实例。
// probably make the implementation more scalable.
private MethodAccessor acquireMethodAccessor() {
// First check to see if one has been created yet, and take it
// if so
MethodAccessor tmp = null;
if (root != null) tmp = root.getMethodAccessor();
if (tmp != null) {
// 存在缓存时,存入 methodAccessor,否则调用 ReflectionFactory 创建新的 MethodAccessor
methodAccessor = tmp;
} else {
// Otherwise fabricate one and propagate it up to the root
tmp = reflectionFactory.newMethodAccessor(this);
setMethodAccessor(tmp);
}
return tmp;
}
// sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory
public MethodAccessor newMethodAccessor(Method method) {
checkInitted();
if (noInflation && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
return new MethodAccessorGenerator().
generateMethod(method.getDeclaringClass(),
method.getName(),
method.getParameterTypes(),
method.getReturnType(),
method.getExceptionTypes(),
method.getModifiers());
} else {
NativeMethodAccessorImpl acc =
new NativeMethodAccessorImpl(method);
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl res =
new DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl(acc);
acc.setParent(res);
return res;
}
}
两种 Accessor 的细节:
// NativeMethodAccessorImpl / DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl
class NativeMethodAccessorImpl extends MethodAccessorImpl {
private final Method method;
private DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl parent;
private int numInvocations;
NativeMethodAccessorImpl(Method method) {
this.method = method;
}
public Object invoke(Object obj, Object[] args)
throws IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
{
// We can't inflate methods belonging to vm-anonymous classes because
// that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't be
// found from the generated bytecode.
if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold()
&& !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
MethodAccessorImpl acc = (MethodAccessorImpl)
new MethodAccessorGenerator().
generateMethod(method.getDeclaringClass(),
method.getName(),
method.getParameterTypes(),
method.getReturnType(),
method.getExceptionTypes(),
method.getModifiers());
parent.setDelegate(acc);
}
return invoke0(method, obj, args);
}
void setParent(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl parent) {
this.parent = parent;
}
private static native Object invoke0(Method m, Object obj, Object[] args);
}
class DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl extends MethodAccessorImpl {
private MethodAccessorImpl delegate;
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl(MethodAccessorImpl delegate) {
setDelegate(delegate);
}
public Object invoke(Object obj, Object[] args)
throws IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
{
return delegate.invoke(obj, args);
}
void setDelegate(MethodAccessorImpl delegate) {
this.delegate = delegate;
}
}
执行 method.invoke(obj, args) 时,滴啊用 DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(),最后被委托到 NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke():
public Object invoke(Object obj, Object[] args)
throws IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
{
// We can't inflate methods belonging to vm-anonymous classes because
// that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't be
// found from the generated bytecode.
if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold()
&& !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
MethodAccessorImpl acc = (MethodAccessorImpl)
new MethodAccessorGenerator().
generateMethod(method.getDeclaringClass(),
method.getName(),
method.getParameterTypes(),
method.getReturnType(),
method.getExceptionTypes(),
method.getModifiers());
parent.setDelegate(acc);
}
// invoke0 是个 native 方法,由jvm进行调用业务方法。从而完成反射调用功能。
return invoke0(method, obj, args);
}
其中,generateMethod 是生成具体类的方法:
/** This routine is not thread-safe */
public MethodAccessor generateMethod(Class<?> declaringClass,
String name,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
Class<?> returnType,
Class<?>[] checkedExceptions,
int modifiers)
{
return (MethodAccessor) generate(declaringClass,
name,
parameterTypes,
returnType,
checkedExceptions,
modifiers,
false,
false,
null);
}
generate 的实现中会出现:ClassDefiner.defineClass(xx, declaringClass.getClassLoader()).newInstance()。
在ClassDefiner.defineClass
方法实现中,每被调用一次都会生成一个DelegatingClassLoader类加载器对象 ,这里每次都生成新的类加载器,是为了性能考虑,在某些情况下可以卸载这些生成的类,因为类的卸载是只有在类加载器可以被回收的情况下才会被回收的,如果用了原来的类加载器,那可能导致这些新创建的类一直无法被卸载。
而反射生成的类,有时候可能用了就可以卸载了,所以使用其独立的类加载器,从而使得更容易控制反射类的生命周期。
反射汇总
- 反射类及反射方法的获取,都是通过从列表中搜寻查找匹配的方法,所以查找性能会随类的大小方法多少而变化;
- 每个类都会有一个与之对应的Class实例,从而每个类都可以获取method反射方法,并作用到其他实例身上;
- 反射也是考虑了线程安全;
- 反射使用软引用relectionData缓存class信息,避免每次重新从jvm获取带来的开销;
- 反射调用多次生成新代理Accessor, 而通过字节码生成的则考虑了卸载功能,所以会使用独立的类加载器;
- 当找到需要的方法,都会copy一份出来,而不是使用原来的实例,从而保证数据隔离;
- 调用反射方法,最终是由jvm执行invoke0()执行;
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